Charles Dawson and the Hoax.

1. Charles Dawson was digging in a gravel pit and claimed to find the remains of an ancient human skull in the town of Piltdown, England. The Scientists used the measure of fluorine content in fossils to roughly date how old the fossil was. They concluded that the fossil was actually relatively young. The artifacts were stained and the teeth had been scratched down.

2. The human faults that came into play was that the people involved with this hoax wanted fame and attention. England wanted fame in finding a human skull and participate in the scientific community.

3. The positive aspects in revealing the skull was the use of  fluorine to determine the approximate age and then the advances such as using radiocarbon dating.

4. I don't think it is possible to remove the human factor from science because the human factor provides information to other people such as new theories and concepts. People can't be replaced by other things because there might not be varied speculations.

5. The life lesson is that to never take something as true or correct from an untrusted or unverified source.

Dentition Patterns Of Primates

Lemurs (Prosimians/Strepsirhini)

A. Lemurs inhabit Madagascar and can also be found on the Comoro islands. Madagascar is a sub-tropical island with a wet season. Monsoons bring storms and cyclones to the East and North from December to March. The dry season lasts from April to October. The mountains are warm and thundery from November to April. Most favor sources of food from trees and plants, some specific species of Lemur are omnivorous 

B. Lemurs have a dentition trait called a dental comb, which looks like a comb and is made of forward-projecting incisors and canines. They use the dental comb to comb the fur of others.

C. Lemurs are usually found in trees and forests, most are herbivores although, some can eat larvae or even larger organisms such as frogs. Their dental combs have a link between their diet, which consists of small fruits and insects. Lemurs have pointy premolars which help to consume their meal. 

Spider Monkey(New World Monkey/Platyrrhini)

A. Spider monkeys can be found in Central and South America in the tropical rain forests. They inhabit most of the upper layer of the rain forests. They are social animals that prefer undisturbed primary rain forests. 

B. The diet of Spider Monkeys mostly consists of fruits and nuts. If food sources are scarce, they turn to   insects, birds's eggs, tree bark, and even honey.

C. Spider Monkeys are arboreal, or living in trees, their diet above helped to shape the way their teeth are. 

Baboon(Old World Monkey/Cercopithecidae)

A. Baboons live in  Africa and Arabia. Most prefer semi-arid habitats, but some live in tropical rain forests.

B. Baboons are omnivores and mostly feed on fruits, grasses, seeds, bark, and sometimes have a taste for meat. They will consume birds, rodents, and even Antelopes.

C. Although baboons mostly consume seeds, grasses, and fruits, they have large canine teeth and flat molars because they don't eat meat as much as they do the other. 

Gibbon(Lesser Ape/Hylobatidae)

A. Gibbons can be found in tropical and subtropical rain forests from Northeast India to Indonesia, China, Borneo and Java. 

B. Gibbons are omnivores and eat fruit, flowers, and tender plant shoots. Spend almost no time on the ground and always look for food in the trees. 

C. Like other omnivore primates, Gibbons have molars that are more flat than those found in herbivores. 

Chimpanzee(Great Ape/Hominade)

A. Chimpanzees are found in the African rain forests, grasslands, and woodlands. They use tools, walk upright and can perform complicated tasks. 

B. Chimpanzees are omnivores and eat plants and fruits like the other primates. They can have a different diet than other primates because they occupy different regions. 

C. Because chimpanzees occupy different regions, their dentition allows them to have a varied diet. 

From the research that I have done, I can conclude that the environment and behavioral influences on these primates has an effect on the way their dentitions are formed. The structure of their teeth are different and have been adapted for different diets due to their living conditions and environment. They almost have the same dentition form but have adapted minor varieties for each one. 

Homologous and Analogous

Homologous Trait.

The tailbone of a human is analogous to the structure of the beginning of many animals' tail's, such as monkeys. 

The function of the tailbone in humans is to connect ligaments, muscles, and tendons. The function of the tailbone in monkeys is to attach their tail which they use to swing from trees and to do other various activities. Some people say that the tailbone in humans is vestigial, but not entirely useless.

The common ancestor for these two could be a monkey, but when someone says that, they think of one with a tail. The ancestor could have been more of an ape, bonobo, or gorilla, but the common ancestor is extinct.

Analogous Trait.

The Analogous trait that I found is shared between a fish and a penguin which is a fin. The fins on both of these animals help them navigate their aquatic environment. The fins on the fish help it swim. Both of these animals inhibited these adaptations from the environment, rather than a common ancestor. The common ancestor of a penguin is a pheasant.